World Congress on Microbiology and Rare infectious diseases June 25-26, 2021 Osaka, Japan

In microbiology, we study the microscopic organism or a single celled organism such as Bacteria, viruses, fungi and others which are called microbes. These microbes play key roles in nutrient cycling, biodegradation / biodeterioration, climate change, food spoilage, disease cause and control, and biotechnology. Thanks to their versatility, microbes can be used in a number of ways: manufacturing life-saving medicines, manufacturing biofuels, pollution control, and food and beverage production / processing.

There are also infectious agents of different shapes and sizes. Bacteria and protozoa are microscopic, single-celled organisms, while viruses are even smaller. Fungi grow like plants, and helminths look like worms.

Infectious diseases - also known as contagious diseases, communicable diseases, or communicable diseases - are caused by pathogenic microorganisms that infect a host organism and can spread, directly or indirectly, from one organism to another.Infectious disease research has the potential for wide application because everyone, in all parts of the world, is infected with microbes at some point in their life.Microbes are simple organisms capable of rapid genetic mutation. Many are moving to new strains that are resistant to available therapies. The ease of international travel and a growing world population facilitate the problems associated with rapid microbial evolution.

Microbes that cause disease are called pathogens. A pathogen is a microorganism that has the potential to cause disease.An infection is the invasion and multiplication of pathogenic microbes in an individual or a population. Infectious diseases are caused by microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, fungi or parasites.Illness occurs when infection causes damage to an individual's functions or vital systems.Pathogens cause disease by disrupting normal body processes and / or stimulating the immune system to produce a defensive response, resulting in high fever, inflammation? and other symptoms. Germs can enter the body through the four sites listed below:Respiratory tracts.Digestive tractThe urogenital tract breaks on the surface of the skin.

Viruses are very small germs. They are made up of genetic material inside a protein coating. Viruses cause familiar infectious diseases such as the common cold, the flu, and warts. They also cause serious illnesses such as HIV / AIDS, smallpox and Ebola.Viruses are like hijackers. They invade living, normal cells and use these cells to multiply and produce other viruses like them. It can kill, damage or change cells and make you sick. Different viruses attack certain cells in your body such as your liver, respiratory system or blood.A viral disease is an illness or medical condition caused by a virus. Read on to learn more about some of the main types of viral illnesses:Not all viral diseases are contagious. This means that they don't always spread from person to person. But many of them are. Common examples of contagious viral illnesses include the flu, colds, HIV, and herpes.

A bacterial infection is an overgrowth of a harmful strain of bacteria on or inside the body. Bacteria can infect any area of   the body. Pneumonia, meningitis, and food poisoning are just a few of the illnesses that can be caused by harmful bacteria. Bacteria come in three basic forms: rod-shaped (bacilli), spherical (cocci) or helical (spirilla). Bacteria can also be classified as gram-positive or gram-negative. Gram-positive bacteria have a thick cell wall, unlike Gram-negative bacteria. Gram stain, bacterial culture with antibiotic sensitivity determination, and other tests are used to identify bacterial strains and help determine the appropriate treatment.

Fungal infections are common in natural world. In humans, fungal infections occur when an invading fungus invades an area of   the body and is too large for the immune system to handle. Fungi can live in air, soil, water, and plants. There are also fungi that naturally live in the human body.Like many microbes, there are useful fungi and harmful fungi. When harmful fungi invade the body, they can be difficult to kill because they can survive in the environment and re-infect the person trying to heal.Fungal infections are silent killers and cause misery for millions of people. More die from fungal diseases than from tuberculosis or malaria. After headaches and rotten teeth, skin yeast infections are the most common illnesses on Earth. Serious fungal infections affect the most economically productive, especially in patients with tuberculosis, AIDS and cancer, having a disproportionate impact on economies.

Parasites are living things that use other living things - like your body - for food and life. You can get them from contaminated food or water, from an insect bite, or from sexual contact. Some parasitic diseases are easy to treat and some are not.Parasites vary in size from tiny, single-celled organisms called protozoa to worms visible to the naked eye. Some parasitic diseases occur in the United States. Contaminated water supplies can lead to Giardia infections. Cats can transmit toxoplasmosis, which is dangerous for pregnant women. Others, like malaria, are common in other parts of the world.Among the hundreds of known parasite species, only small fractions are capable of causing disease in humans. Among them are the protozoa Entamoeba histolytica, which causes amoebic dysentery and is acquired by ingestion of food or water contaminated with the feces of a human carrier of the infectious organism, and the flagellated protozoa Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and T. brucei rhodesiense, which causes sleeping sickness (African trypanosomiasis) and is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected tsetse flies.

Deadly bacteria linked to butterfly color changes,Like many poisonous animals, the orange, white, and black pattern of the African monarch butterfly warns predators that it is poisonous. Warning patterns like this are generally consistent between individuals to help predators learn to avoid them. However, a recent study shows how a population of African monarch butterflies (Danaus chrysippus) breaks this rule and exhibits widely varying warning patterns.

Antimicrobial resistance occurs when microorganisms (such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites) change when exposed to antimicrobial drugs (such as antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, antimalarials and anthelmintics). Microorganisms that develop resistance to antimicrobials are sometimes called “superbugs”.New resistance mechanisms are emerging and spreading globally, threatening our ability to treat common infectious diseases, leading to prolonged illness, disability and death.Without effective antimicrobials for the prevention and treatment of infections, medical procedures such as organ transplantation, cancer chemotherapy, management of diabetes, and major surgeries (for example, cesarean sections or hip replacements) become very risky.Antimicrobial resistance increases the cost of healthcare with longer hospital stays and more intensive care needed.

Microbiology is the study of microscopic organisms, such as bacteria, viruses, archaea, fungi, and protozoa. It includes basic research on the biochemistry, physiology, cell biology, ecology, evolution and clinical aspects of microorganisms, including the host response to agents. Infectious diseases are diseases caused by organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites. Some infectious diseases can be transmitted from person to person while some are transmitted by insects or other animals. Each infectious disease has its own specific signs and symptoms. Most infectious diseases have only minor complications, while some infections like pneumonia, AIDS and meningitis can be life threatening.

A bacterial infection is an overgrowth of a harmful strain of bacteria on or inside the body. Bacteria can infect any area of   the human body. Pneumonia and food poisoning are just some of the illnesses that can be caused by harmful bacteria. Bacteria come in three basic forms: rod-shaped, spherical, or helical. Bacteria are also classified as gram-positive or gram-negative. Fungal infections represent the invasion of tissues by one or more species of fungi and range from localized superficial skin conditions to deeper tissue infections, including serious pulmonary, blood or systemic diseases. Types of fungi include molds, yeasts, and fungi. Fungi can cause different types of illnesses, including: Asthma or allergies,Rashes or infections on the skin and nails,Lung infections with symptoms similar to flu or tuberculosis,Blood infections,Meningitis