Congenital, Perinatal and Neonatal Infections

A congenital disorder is a medical condition that is present at or before birth. These conditions also referred to as birth defects, can be acquired during the fatal stage of development or from the genetic makeup of the parents. Neonatal infections are infections of the neonate acquired during prenatal development or in the first four weeks of life. Neonatal infections may be contracted by mother to child transmission, in the birth canal during childbirth, or after birth. Some neonatal infections are apparent soon after delivery, while others may develop in the postnatal period. Some neonatal infections such as HIV, hepatitis B, and malaria do not become apparent until much later.

 

  • In utero transplacentally or through ruptured membranes
  • In the birth canal during delivery (intrapartum)
  • From external sources after birth (postpartum)

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